Assessing the presence of Wuchereria bancrofti in vector and human populations from urban communities in Conakry, Guinea
Identifieur interne : 002121 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002120; suivant : 002122Assessing the presence of Wuchereria bancrofti in vector and human populations from urban communities in Conakry, Guinea
Auteurs : Bernard L. Kouassi [Suisse] ; Dziedzom K. De Souza [Ghana] ; Andre Goepogui [Guinée] ; Charles A. Narh [Ghana] ; Sandra A. King [Ghana] ; Baldé S. Mamadou [Guinée] ; Lamia Diakité [Guinée] ; Samuel K. Dadzie [Ghana] ; Daniel A. Boakye [Ghana] ; Jürg Utzinger [Suisse] ; Moses J. Bockarie [Royaume-Uni] ; Benjamin G. Koudou [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Parasites & Vectors [ 1756-3305 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000 with the goal of interrupting transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF) through multiple rounds of mass drug administration (MDA). In Guinea, there is evidence of ongoing LF transmission, but little is known about the most densely populated parts of the country, including the capital Conakry. In order to guide the LF control and elimination efforts, serological and entomological surveys were carried out to determine whether or not LF transmission occurs in Conakry.
The prevalence of circulating filarial antigen (CFA) of
CFA test revealed no infection in the 611 individuals examined. A total of 14,334 mosquitoes were collected; 14,135
This study revealed the presence of
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1077-x
PubMed: 26410739
PubMed Central: 4583765
Affiliations:
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King</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mamadou, Balde S" sort="Mamadou, Balde S" uniqKey="Mamadou B" first="Baldé S." last="Mamadou">Baldé S. Mamadou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry, Guinea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Guinée</country><wicri:regionArea>Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Conakry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diakite, Lamia" sort="Diakite, Lamia" uniqKey="Diakite L" first="Lamia" last="Diakité">Lamia Diakité</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry, Guinea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Guinée</country><wicri:regionArea>Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Conakry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dadzie, Samuel K" sort="Dadzie, Samuel K" uniqKey="Dadzie S" first="Samuel K." last="Dadzie">Samuel K. Dadzie</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel A" sort="Boakye, Daniel A" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel A." last="Boakye">Daniel A. Boakye</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Utzinger, Jurg" sort="Utzinger, Jurg" uniqKey="Utzinger J" first="Jürg" last="Utzinger">Jürg Utzinger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J." last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koudou, Benjamin G" sort="Koudou, Benjamin G" uniqKey="Koudou B" first="Benjamin G." last="Koudou">Benjamin G. Koudou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Côte d’Ivoire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Unité de Formation et de Recherche Science de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Côte d’Ivoire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26410739</idno><idno type="pmc">4583765</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4583765</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4583765</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s13071-015-1077-x</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000E05</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000E05</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000E04</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000E04</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001494</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001494</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">007937</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">007937</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">007937</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002124</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">002121</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">002121</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Assessing the presence of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> in vector and human populations from urban communities in Conakry, Guinea</title><author><name sortKey="Kouassi, Bernard L" sort="Kouassi, Bernard L" uniqKey="Kouassi B" first="Bernard L." last="Kouassi">Bernard L. Kouassi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Côte d’Ivoire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Unité de Formation et de Recherche Science de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Côte d’Ivoire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Souza, Dziedzom K" sort="De Souza, Dziedzom K" uniqKey="De Souza D" first="Dziedzom K." last="De Souza">Dziedzom K. De Souza</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goepogui, Andre" sort="Goepogui, Andre" uniqKey="Goepogui A" first="Andre" last="Goepogui">Andre Goepogui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry, Guinea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Guinée</country><wicri:regionArea>Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Conakry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narh, Charles A" sort="Narh, Charles A" uniqKey="Narh C" first="Charles A." last="Narh">Charles A. Narh</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="King, Sandra A" sort="King, Sandra A" uniqKey="King S" first="Sandra A." last="King">Sandra A. King</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mamadou, Balde S" sort="Mamadou, Balde S" uniqKey="Mamadou B" first="Baldé S." last="Mamadou">Baldé S. Mamadou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry, Guinea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Guinée</country><wicri:regionArea>Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Conakry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diakite, Lamia" sort="Diakite, Lamia" uniqKey="Diakite L" first="Lamia" last="Diakité">Lamia Diakité</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry, Guinea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Guinée</country><wicri:regionArea>Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Conakry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dadzie, Samuel K" sort="Dadzie, Samuel K" uniqKey="Dadzie S" first="Samuel K." last="Dadzie">Samuel K. Dadzie</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel A" sort="Boakye, Daniel A" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel A." last="Boakye">Daniel A. Boakye</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Utzinger, Jurg" sort="Utzinger, Jurg" uniqKey="Utzinger J" first="Jürg" last="Utzinger">Jürg Utzinger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Basel, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J." last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koudou, Benjamin G" sort="Koudou, Benjamin G" uniqKey="Koudou B" first="Benjamin G." last="Koudou">Benjamin G. Koudou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Côte d’Ivoire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Unité de Formation et de Recherche Science de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Côte d’Ivoire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Parasites & Vectors</title><idno type="eISSN">1756-3305</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000 with the goal of interrupting transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF) through multiple rounds of mass drug administration (MDA). In Guinea, there is evidence of ongoing LF transmission, but little is known about the most densely populated parts of the country, including the capital Conakry. In order to guide the LF control and elimination efforts, serological and entomological surveys were carried out to determine whether or not LF transmission occurs in Conakry.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The prevalence of circulating filarial antigen (CFA) of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> was assessed by an immuno-chromatography test (ICT) in people recruited from all five districts of Conakry. Mosquitoes were collected over a 1-year period, in 195 households in 15 communities. A proportion of mosquitoes were analysed for <italic>W. bancrofti</italic>, using dissection, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>CFA test revealed no infection in the 611 individuals examined. A total of 14,334 mosquitoes were collected; 14,135 <italic>Culex</italic> (98.6 %), 161 <italic>Anopheles</italic> (1.1 %) and a few other species. Out of 1,312 <italic>Culex</italic> spp. (9.3 %) and 51 <italic>An. gambiae</italic> (31.7 %) dissected, none was infected with any stage of the <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> parasite. However, the LAMP assay revealed that 1.8 % of <italic>An. gambiae</italic> and 0.31 % of <italic>Culex</italic> spp. were positive, while PCR determined respective prevalences of 0 % and 0.19 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This study revealed the presence of <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> DNA in mosquitoes, despite the apparent absence of infection in the human population. Although MDA interventions are not recommended where the prevalence of ICT is below 1 %, the entomological results are suggestive of the circulation of the parasite in the population of Conakry. Therefore, rigorous surveillance is still warranted so that LF transmission in Conakry would be identified rapidly and adequate responses being implemented.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kwansa Bentum, B" uniqKey="Kwansa Bentum B">B Kwansa-Bentum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aboagye Antwi, F" uniqKey="Aboagye Antwi F">F Aboagye-Antwi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Otchere, J" uniqKey="Otchere J">J Otchere</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Md" uniqKey="Wilson M">MD Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boakye, Da" uniqKey="Boakye D">DA Boakye</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mwakitalu, Me" uniqKey="Mwakitalu M">ME Mwakitalu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramaiah, Kddp" uniqKey="Ramaiah 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Weil</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Ghana</li><li>Guinée</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li></country><region><li>Région du Grand Accra</li></region><settlement><li>Accra</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université du Ghana</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kouassi, Bernard L" sort="Kouassi, Bernard L" uniqKey="Kouassi B" first="Bernard L." last="Kouassi">Bernard L. 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Dadzie</name><name sortKey="King, Sandra A" sort="King, Sandra A" uniqKey="King S" first="Sandra A." last="King">Sandra A. King</name><name sortKey="Narh, Charles A" sort="Narh, Charles A" uniqKey="Narh C" first="Charles A." last="Narh">Charles A. Narh</name></country><country name="Guinée"><noRegion><name sortKey="Goepogui, Andre" sort="Goepogui, Andre" uniqKey="Goepogui A" first="Andre" last="Goepogui">Andre Goepogui</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Diakite, Lamia" sort="Diakite, Lamia" uniqKey="Diakite L" first="Lamia" last="Diakité">Lamia Diakité</name><name sortKey="Mamadou, Balde S" sort="Mamadou, Balde S" uniqKey="Mamadou B" first="Baldé S." last="Mamadou">Baldé S. Mamadou</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J." last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Koudou, Benjamin G" sort="Koudou, Benjamin G" uniqKey="Koudou B" first="Benjamin G." last="Koudou">Benjamin G. Koudou</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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